MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF FOXTAIL MILLETS FROM NORTH MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Abstract

A morphological characterization study was conducted to analyze phenotypic traits across five randomly selected plants using twenty-one qualitative parameters. These traits included plant growth habit, leaf coloration, auricle pigmentation, leaf attitude, and pubescence on the sheath and blade. Observations revealed diversity in plant growth habits, ranging from erect to prostrate and decumbent forms, reflecting adaptive strategies to different agro-climatic conditions. Leaf coloration varied from light to dark green, with darker shades indicating higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency.  Flag leaf blade dimensions, including length and width, were measured, showing significant variability across locations, influencing photosynthetic capacity and biomass production. Inflorescence traits, such as shape, bristles, compactness, and apical sterility, demonstrated notable differences. Oblong and cylindrical inflorescence shapes were prominent, with compactness being a common feature, indicating potential for improved seed retention and reduced losses during harvesting. The presence and length of bristles varied, contributing to the identification of genotypes suitable for specific agro-ecological zones.  Measurements for peduncle and ear head length revealed adaptability to varying environmental conditions, while uniformity in seed attributes, such as oval shapes and whitish coloration, suggested limited genetic variability in these traits. However, slight variations, like yellow-tinted seeds in some locations, highlighted minor genetic differences.  The findings underscore the importance of morphological traits in identifying phenotypic diversity and their role in breeding programs. Traits such as growth habit, leaf pubescence, and inflorescence compactness provide valuable information for improving crop resilience, yield potential, and adaptability. This study offers a foundation for selecting desirable traits for sustainable agricultural practices and conservation efforts, ensuring the availability of genetic resources for future crop improvement.