Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,ISSN(O):2735-9891,ISSN(P):2735-9883
Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria
Muscle Activation Dynamics during Karnapidasana Performance in Trained Yoga Male Subjects: An Electromyographical Analysis
Background: Electromyography (EMG) was utilized to investigate muscle activation dynamics of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle during karnapidasana, an advanced yoga posture involving deep spinal and cervical flexion. Methodology: This study involved eight trained male yoga students performing karnapidasana while EMG signals were recorded to analysed the SCM activation at specified intervals (i.e., 0 second, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, and 30 seconds). Results: Statistical analysis of data were exhibited the relatively stable mean EMG activation values across these intervals with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.892) which were indicated sustained and consistent engagement of the SCM muscle throughout the posture. Findings: These findings were highlighted the SCM's crucial role in maintaining neck stabilization during of karnapidasana performance. The stability of EMG activity supports the asana’s reported benefits in improving neck muscular strength, spinal flexibility, and neuromuscular control. Conclusion: This study provides neuromuscular evidence that substantiates karnapidasana’s therapeutic potential in rehabilitation, particularly for conditions involving cervical dysfunction and postural management.
Deepak Sharma a, Dr. Deepak Kumar Dogra b, Shubhrendu Shekhar Pandey c, Dr. Binayak Kumar Dubey d Dr. Shri Bhagwan e
Copyright (c) 2025 Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,ISSN(O):2735-9891,ISSN(P):2735-9883 https://unijisedu.com/
Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) combined with Mindfulness: Combining the Cognitive Learning of PNE with Body-Based Calming Techniques
Chronic pain in the muscles and joints is a long-lasting condition that not only makes it hard to move, but also impacts your mental health and overall quality of life. Traditional physiotherapy often just looks at the physical effects of pain and ignores how it affects the mind and emotions. This study examined the efficacy of integrating Pain Neuroscience training (PNE) with mindfulness-based body-calming techniques for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, in comparison to standard physiotherapy. A quasi-experimental approach was used, with 60 people randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=30) or the control group (n=30). The experimental group participated in organised PNE sessions integrated with mindfulness techniques, whereas the control group underwent standard physiotherapy. We used reliable tools like the numeric damage Score Test (NPRS), Pain Overwhelming Scale, Oswestry Region Rehabilitation Index, emotional strain Scale, Five Facet Relaxation Assessment, or WHOQOL-BREF to validate the results before and after the interventions. The interventions lasted for eight weeks. The results indicate that the experimental group did far better in all areas, with large effect sizes for stress management, pain relief, catastrophising, mindfulness, and quality of life. The control group showed very little change in contrast. These findings indicate the necessity of employing both cognitive and experiential approaches for pain management. The integrated intervention provides a comprehensive, economical, and patient-centered approach that can improve rehabilitation results for individuals with chronic pain.
Identification and Minimization of Potential System Failures and Delays in Biometric Systems Using Queuing Theory
This study investigates the identification and minimization of potential system failures and delays in biometric authentication systems through comprehensive queuing theory analysis and predictive modeling. The research employs advanced mathematical frameworks including M/M/1/C models, failure analysis techniques, and delay prediction algorithms to proactively identify bottlenecks and system vulnerabilities. Through simulation-based approaches and real-world case studies, this study develops systematic methodologies for predicting, preventing, and mitigating system failures while minimizing authentication delays. The findings provide actionable strategies for enhancing biometric system reliability and user experience through proactive failure management and delay optimization.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA: AN EVALUATION OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
Women empowerment has emerged as one of the most crucial socio-economic and political challenges in India. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and numerous state-led and non-governmental initiatives, women continue to face discrimination, gender-based violence, wage gaps, and lack of decision-making opportunities. This research paper evaluates major policies and programs introduced in India to empower women socially, economically, politically, and legally. Drawing insights from government reports, surveys, and academic literature, the paper critically analyses the effectiveness of initiatives in education, health, employment, entrepreneurship, and political participation. The study identifies seven key policies and seven flagship programs designed for women empowerment. These include schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Mahila E-Haat, Stand-Up India, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana, and Ujjwala Yojana. It also considers legal frameworks like the Dowry Prohibition Act, Domestic Violence Act, and workplace harassment laws. The analysis highlights the successes of these measures in improving literacy rates, expanding employment opportunities, enhancing maternal health, and encouraging entrepreneurship among women. However, challenges remain, including gaps in implementation, regional inequalities, lack of awareness, and patriarchal attitudes. Many programs succeed at the policy level but fail to create measurable outcomes on the ground due to bureaucratic delays, insufficient funding, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. The paper concludes that while India has made commendable progress toward women empowerment, empowerment must be viewed as a continuous process requiring multi-stakeholder collaboration, robust monitoring, and gender-sensitive policy design. Recommendations include strengthening grassroots participation, integrating digital literacy, improving monitoring mechanisms, and adopting intersectional approaches that address class, caste, and rural-urban divides.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,ISSN(O):2735-9891,ISSN(P):2735-9883 https://unijisedu.com/
Green Marketing Practices and Brand Trust in Banking: An Empirical Study with Reference to Haryana
The present study investigates the extent to which green marketing practices have been adopted by banks and their effectiveness in building brand trust among customers. With growing environmental concerns and consumer awareness, the adoption of sustainable practices has emerged as a strategic tool for brand differentiation in the financial services sector. The primary objective of this study is to assess the relationship between green marketing adoption and the establishment of brand trust, while testing the hypothesis that green marketing initiatives significantly enhance customer confidence in banking institutions. The research employed a descriptive and analytical approach using primary data collected from bank customers across Haryana. Statistical tools such as frequency analysis, chi-square tests, correlation and regression (conducted in SPSS 27.0) were applied to examine the demographic distribution of respondents and the impact of green marketing strategies on brand trust. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents belong to the younger demographic, who are more tech-savvy and responsive to sustainable initiatives. Gender-wise analysis revealed no significant statistical difference in complaint redressal expectations, though subtle variations in service expectations were noted. Education, occupation and income levels were found to significantly influence customer perceptions, with educated and higher-income groups demonstrating stronger expectations of transparency, accountability and service quality.
"Contribution of Pandit Bhagwat Sharan Sharma in the classical and literary field of music"
A unique and sacred art like music is like a vast and deep ocean. This art did not disintegrate despite centuries of slavery due to its superiority, maturity, depth and dedication of devoted artists. Indian musical practice has broken the shackles of caste and religion. Therefore, music has been the best and highest strong link of cultural unity of our country. The everlasting joy that a human being gets from music cannot be obtained from any other art. The tradition of music is very ancient in India. Early music, like language, was a means of everyday human expression, because in this way it made up for the lack of language. Gradually, artistry increased in it. Music is the best art among the fourteen sciences and sixty-four arts described in our scriptures.
A Critical Exploration of Queer Temporalities in Slightly Burnt
This paper inspects the idea of queer temporality in Slightly Burnt (2014), a young adult novel by Payal Dhar that explores the themes of friendship, family, LGBTQ+ identity, within the heteronormative societal norms of Indian society. In consideration of Jack Halberstam’s notion of queer time, this study examines how the novel disrupts conventional, heteronormative understandings of adolescence and life progression. By portraying queer time as nonlinear milestone of life cycle, the novelist has tried to portray the different vision of adolescence. While queer theory has increasingly informed readings of Western young adult literature, there remains a noticeable gap in scholarship that examines queer temporalities in Indian young adult fiction. This study aims to address that gap by situating Slightly Burnt within the emerging discourse on queer time in non-Western contexts, offering a culturally grounded understanding of how time, identity, and belonging are renegotiated through narrative. The novel challenges the normative expectations placed on youth to conform to socially accepted paths, using the tension between Komal’s confusion and Sahil’s clarity to depict the conflict queer individuals often experience in aligning their internal sense of time with the external pressures of social conformity. The disruption of friendship, the re-evaluation of familial bonds, and the struggle for self-acceptance are not presented as sequential milestones. Consequently, Dhar establishes a framework for understanding queer adolescence as temporality and emotionally distinct from heteronormative models. Slightly Burnt thus becomes a critical text for examining how narratives of queer youth in Indian literature can offer alternative modes of belonging, identity formation, and temporal experience.
Welfare Measures and Their Impact on Job Satisfaction of Industrial Workers in India
Industrial workers form the backbone of India’s economic growth and development. As the country has transitioned from an agrarian economy to an industrial and service-based one, the contribution of workers engaged in factories, manufacturing units, mines, and other industrial establishments has become indispensable. They play a pivotal role not only in increasing production and generating employment but also in ensuring that India can compete in the global marketplace. However, the well-being and productivity of these workers depend heavily on the environment in which they work. Thus, welfare measures have emerged as a central element in sustaining industrial growth, ensuring social justice, and maintaining industrial harmony.
Efficient Pain Recognition via Deep Learning: A Comparative Analysis of Lightweight and Deep CNN Models
Traditional methods for pain assessment often suffer from limitations such as subjectivity, observer variability, and challenges in evaluating non-verbal patients. These shortcomings have driven the development of automated pain recognition systems using deep learning techniques. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown strong potential by addressing issues like manual feature extraction and limited dataset availability. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of seven prominent CNN architecturesResNet34, ResNet50, ResNet101, VGG19, DenseNet, EfficientNet (ENet), and SqueezeNet for automated classification of pain intensity from facial expressions. Each model is evaluated based on architectural design, parameter count, and effectiveness in extracting discriminative features from labeled facial pain datasets. Custom learning functions are integrated to enhance performance, and models are assessed using standard metrics including accuracy, F1-score, precision, and memory efficiency. Among all models, ResNet101 achieved the highest classification accuracy of 97.95%, demonstrating its superior ability to capture deep hierarchical features relevant to pain intensity. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of intelligent, non-invasive pain recognition systems aimed at enhancing clinical decision-making and patient care, particularly for individuals unable to communicate pain effectively.
Multi-Variant ResNet and HOG Descriptor-Based Ensemble for Citrus Disease Recognition
Early and accurate detection of citrus plant diseases is vital for improving crop yield and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. This paper proposes a robust hybrid deep learning framework that integrates three ResNet architectures—ResNet34, ResNet50, and ResNet101—for effective disease detection and classification. The system begins by acquiring a citrus leaf image dataset and performing preprocessing techniques such as resizing, normalization, noise reduction, and data augmentation. Color space transformations and morphological operations are applied to isolate diseased regions, while shape-based features are extracted using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Leveraging transfer learning, the pre-trained ResNet models are fine-tuned to classify specific citrus diseases. An ensemble learning approach—employing soft voting, majority voting, and stacked generalization—combines the strengths of all three models, enhancing classification accuracy and generalization capability. The model's performance is comprehensively evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, sensitivity, and F1-score. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system provides a scalable, accurate, and efficient solution for early citrus disease detection, enabling smarter agricultural monitoring and optimized yield management.
Jojo Krishna Joshi and Dr Sudhir K Sharma
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A WEBSITE'S AI FEATURES ON CUSTOMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOR
The aim of the study is to assess the impact of a website's AI features on customer purchasing behavior. The study focuses on online shoppers from study area western UP. A target population of 600 respondents was identified in six major cities (Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Hapur, Bulandshahr). A sample size of 420 is being examined for the study. The survey was conducted from July 2024 to March 2025. This study will look at internet shopping, specifically in terms of retail e-commerce, as well as AI adoption theories. SPSS 29.1 and AMOS 29.0 data analysis tools were utilized. The study concludes that AI features in websites considerably improve customer buying behavior. AI is a characteristic that influences customer happiness with items such as online reviews and discussions, as well as a sense of personal service. As a result, it is possible to conclude that this dimension has a major impact on customer buying behavior and allows users to have the same experience in a retail e-commerce websites.
A study on occupational stress management at organisational and individual level among women working in IT industries
The major goal of this research is to investigate occupational stress management at the organizational and individual levels among women working in IT sectors. This research examines the tactics and strategies used by IT organizations to manage occupational stress. Stress in the workplace affects the majority of IT personnel. Stress has a negative psychological and physical impact on IT professionals. If the effect persists, it may have a negative impact on organizational performance. IT firms have used many techniques to overcome, minimize, or lessen employee occupational stress. The management of IT firms is currently taking considerable measures to overcome or eliminate occupational stress by introducing rules and regulations, as well as other organizational initiatives.
The impact of Artificial technology (AI) on consumer satisfaction and loyalty in online shopping
Purpose: The purpose of this article to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence on consumer satisfaction and loyalty in online shopping. In this article we identify which factors satisfying by artificial intelligence on consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology used in this study is this study is systematic literature review (SLR) using PRISMA approach. In this SLR we include 30 articles. The data used in this study are manually collected from google scholar. Findings: The study is carried out, and the findings indicate that the factor affecting by artificial intelligence on consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty Future recommendation: The research is helpful to understand the satisfaction and loyalty level of consumer influenced by artificial intelligence. This research is also helpful to customers for buying decisions and marketers to formed marketing strategies.
Motivational Factors with UTAUT Model on the Integration of Learning Management System (LMS) by Faculty- A Study
The perspective of education is undergoing a significant transformation, moving away from rigid, lecture-based instruction toward more flexible, student-centred approaches. Classroom courses and blended learning formats have become mainstream in higher education, with motivational factors Learning Management Systems (LMS) such as Canvas, Blackboard, and Moodle playing a central role in content delivery and student engagement. Teaching through an LMS requires a new set of pedagogical, technical, and communication skills that differ significantly from those used in traditional classrooms. It demands continuous professional growth, as instructors must master digital content creation, online engagement strategies, and technology-enhanced assessment methods. Tragically, many faculty development programs fail to address the fundamental elements—such as institutional backing, time limitations, confidence, and compatibility with pedagogical tenets—that influence the successful implementation of new technologies. Researchers in this study looked at the ways in which teachers use LMSs in the classroom using an expanded version of the UTAUT framework, which is based on the theory of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Ninety-five professors from several Odisha-based management schools filled out a self-administered survey using a five-point Likert scale; the results show that demographics have a major bearing on LMS adoption. Similarly, in a subset of Odisha's management schools, faculty members' adoption of a comprehensive learning management system (LMS) is heavily influenced by the UTAUT model's motivating elements.
Fazleen khanam and Prof. (Dr.) A.K Das Mohapatra
भारत की अफ़गानिस्तान नीति: अमेरिकी वापसी के बाद रणनीतिक स्थान की खोज
2021 में अफ़गानिस्तान से अमेरिका की वापसी ने क्षेत्रीय भू-राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को महत्वपूर्ण रूप से बदल दिया, जिससे भारत को युद्धग्रस्त राष्ट्र के प्रति अपने दृष्टिकोण को फिर से निर्धारित करने के लिए प्रेरित किया। वापसी के बाद भारत की अफ़गानिस्तान नीति अपने सुरक्षा हितों की रक्षा करने, क्षेत्रीय प्रभाव को बनाए रखने और प्रतिद्वंद्वी अभिनेताओं, विशेष रूप से पाकिस्तान और चीन की उपस्थिति को संतुलित करने के लिए रणनीतिक स्थान की खोज से प्रेरित है। तालिबान के सत्ता में लौटने के बावजूद, भारत ने अफ़गानिस्तान में पैर जमाए रखने के लिए कूटनीतिक पहुंच, मानवीय सहायता और आर्थिक निवेश पर जोर देते हुए एक व्यावहारिक जुड़ाव रणनीति अपनाई है। औपचारिक राजनयिक उपस्थिति की अनुपस्थिति ने शुरू में चुनौतियों का सामना किया, लेकिन भारत की क्रमिक पुनः सहभागिता - काबुल में अपने दूतावास को फिर से खोलने और सहायता प्रदान करने के द्वारा चिह्नित - एक सतर्क लेकिन आवश्यक अनुकूलन को दर्शाती है। यह शोधपत्र भारत की विकसित हो रही अफ़गानिस्तान नीति के प्रमुख चालकों की जांच करता है, भू-राजनीतिक अनिवार्यताओं, सुरक्षा चिंताओं और इसके दृष्टिकोण को आकार देने वाले रणनीतिक हितों का विश्लेषण करता है। यह क्षेत्रीय स्थिरता और दक्षिण एशिया में इसकी व्यापक विदेश नीति के उद्देश्यों पर भारत की सहभागिता के निहितार्थों की भी पड़ताल करता है।
Shailendra Singh Chauhan and Dr kuldeep singh
Process Engineering Transformation of Blind Rivet Production at KOOBESH Kavir Semnan (KKS) Company (Refinement and Improvement)
One of the major technical challenges in the production of blind rivets at KKS Company has been the repeated failure of dies mounted on the press machine. This issue led to increased costs for die manufacturing and additional punches. Another significant challenge was the formation of undesirable cracks on the surface of the blind rivets, which resulted in higher defect rates and customer dissatisfaction. The objective of this paper is to improve and modify the production method and process by focusing on redesigning production elements and optimizing the machine mechanism. In this regard, as a first step, the company’s specialists replaced the conventional multi-die method commonly used worldwide for blind rivet production with a single-die approach. The results demonstrate that production efficiency has increased by up to three times, accompanied by a significant boost in production speed. As part of the effort to improve the blind rivet production process, the company’s engineers evaluated and reviewed the cold forging process used to form the rivet head, which contains three times more material volume compared to the shank. By transitioning from a multi-die method to a single-die approach, the skilled engineers of the company not only addressed this challenge but also significantly enhanced overall productivity by reducing the number of processing stages. This technological advancement was successfully implemented for the first time in the world. In terms of its objective, this study is classified as fundamental research, as it introduces a novel method being implemented for the first time. At the same time, given that its results have led to improvements in quality, process efficiency, quantity, and productivity, it also falls under the category of applied research. Furthermore, based on the data collection and analysis methods—including metallurgical testing and real-world production trials—this study is considered experimental research.
Dr. Masoud Lajevardi Abolfazl albooyeh Mehran shahi Mohammah Mohammadi
Hose Clamp: Process Improvement and Optimization Based on Technical Innovation
The present paper has been prepared with the aim of examining the hose clamp screw production process in Koobesh Kavir Semnan Company (KKS). In this scenario, in the first step, literature on this product has been written with the aim of forming a clear mental framework, which introduces it in general. Then, its production process in KKS Company has been discussed, examined, and analyzed in detail. In the next step, the pathology of this process has been carried out with the support of more than 30 years of production experience and using the valuable technical and engineering knowledge embedded in the coherent research and development cores of this company. Finally, the continuous improvement process with the application of technical-engineering corrective measures based on complex, innovative, and unique knowledge, along with the results obtained from it, has been documented on an ongoing basis over time.
Dr. Masoud Lajevardi Abolfazl albooyeh Mohammah Mohammadi
Comparative Analysis of Optimized Deep Learning Models for Facial Emotion Detection
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied across numerous domains, with computer vision being one of its most impactful areas. In this study, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) was utilized for Facial Emotion Recognition (FER), aiming to accurately classify human emotions based on facial expressions. A key objective of this research is to identify and analyze the critical facial features that the DNN prioritizes during the FER process. Understanding these focused regions provides valuable insights into the decision-making patterns of the model and enhances the interpretability of deep learning-based emotion recognition systems. This research proposes a MATLAB-simulation based framework for the comprehensive performance evaluation of deep learning models using multiple optimization techniques. The system facilitates the selection, training, and comparative analysis of widely used convolution neural network (CNN) architectures, including VGG16, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and DenseNet. It supports both baseline and transfer learning modes, with optimizers such as Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM), ADAM, and RMSprop, selectable via intuitive push buttons. The system automatically initiates the appropriate training process based on user input and computes essential performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, sensitivity, specificity, Jaccard coefficient, Dice coefficient, true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives.. The system consistently identifies ResNet50 as the most effective model across optimizers.
Comparative Study of Advanced Deep Learning Techniques for Citrus Disease Classification
The accurate and timely classification of citrus diseases is essential for improving agricultural productivity and reducing crop losses. In this study, an advanced deep learning-based framework is developed to classify citrus diseases with high precision using multiple state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. The proposed system incorporates a MATLAB-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) that facilitates the selection, training, and evaluation of six prominent deep learning models: VGG16, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and DenseNet. Each model is assessed using three widely recognized optimizers—Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM), ADAM, and RMSprop—under both baseline learning and transfer learning configurations. The system quickly calculates important performance measures, such as accuracy, precision, recall, sensitivity, and specificity, for each combination of model and optimizer. Extensive experiments reveal that transfer learning significantly enhances classification performance across all models. Among the evaluated architectures, ResNet50 consistently outperforms others, achieving superior accuracy, sensitivity, and precision across all optimization techniques. The proposed system also integrates visualization tools that generate comparative performance graphs, offering an intuitive way to analyze results and identify optimal model configurations. This study shows that deep learning models, especially ResNet50 using SGDM optimization, can effectively classify citrus diseases with high accuracy. The findings provide important lessons about precision agriculture and can assist farmers and agricultural specialists in making timely, data-driven decisions for disease management. The developed GUI provides a user-friendly platform for rapid deployment and real-time evaluation of deep learning models in agricultural applications.
Rohingyas in India: Humanitarian Concerns and Strategic Dilemmas
The Rohingya crisis, rooted in decades of persecution in Myanmar, has evolved into one of the most pressing humanitarian emergencies in South Asia. India, hosting an estimated 40,000 Rohingyas, faces the dual challenge of addressing critical human rights concerns while safeguarding national security and maintaining complex regional alliances. This article explores the precarious legal status and socio-economic conditions of Rohingyas in India, highlighting systemic denial of basic services, indefinite detention, and communal hostility. It further examines the strategic dilemmas India faces, including pressures from international law, regional diplomacy with Myanmar and Bangladesh, and domestic political narratives. Through legal analysis, field reports, and policy evaluation, the article argues for the formulation of a comprehensive refugee policy that balances humanitarian obligations with state security imperatives. Ultimately, the Rohingya crisis tests India’s constitutional values, democratic commitments, and its potential role as a global humanitarian leader.
Dr Gosha Raizada and Dr Bashir Ahmad Dar
Digital Governance and Free Speech in India by Navigating Algorithmic Censorship Policy Frameworks and Public Dissent
Digital governance architecture in India has evolved rapidly due to moderation rules of platforms, algorithmic effects, and the legal demands. The freedom of speech is guaranteed in the constitution; however, the constitution permits a state-controlled restriction of information through legislation such as the Information Technology Act of 2000 and the IT Rules of 2021, which casts doubt upon the freedom of the people to disagree with the state and exercise their political prerogative. The study looks into takedown requests, legal restrictions, and algorithms and the impact of these forces on debate and digital protections. It examines the decisions of the Supreme Court and the standards of intermediary responsibility together with case studies aiming to demonstrate the effectiveness of the remedies primarily with the help of a legal-analytical approach to discussing the issues. The examples include the shame of opaque enforcement practices, algorithmic bias, and inappropriate amounts of content moderation in the context of corporate regulation combined with government control. The comparison with the international standards, including the African Declaration on Internet Rights and the EU Digital Services Act, reveals India's regulatory abnormalities and the absence of formal supervision procedures. Based on the findings, wide censorship policies, ineffective complaint-handling mechanisms, and lack of transparency are some of the reasons that have led to a limited digital environment. To offer a more egalitarian model of governance, this paper advocates the concept of judicial review, regulation of algorithms in terms of being transparent, and oversight agencies. The current research furthers the debates on comparative governance frameworks in which a trade-off between free expression and security interests is addressed by the integration of Indian regulation of digital speech into the global discourse and promotion of policy adaptation, speech protections, and ethical AI governance discussions.
An In-Depth Review of Steganography: Methods, Uses, and Progress in Digital Security
Communication is the foundation of development globally, with data networks requiring advanced security measures. The security and confidentiality of transmitted information over the internet, a conglomerate of interconnected, unmanaged networks, are crucial as data volumes grow. Cryptography and steganography are key techniques in ensuring data security, with cryptography encrypting data and steganography concealing it. Cryptography, while secure, can draw attention, leading to potential attacks. Steganography, however, embeds data within multimedia content, making it undetectable. This survey covers various steganography methods, illustrating their evolution from ancient techniques to modern digital applications. Steganography's core principles cover objects, secret messages, and keys ensure secure, hidden data transmission. Evaluating steganographic systems involves metrics like invisibility, security, and robustness. Advances in digital processing and encoding techniques continue to enhance steganography's effectiveness in secure data transfer across diverse media formats, making it an essential tool in modern information security.
Eco-friendly chiller unit uses well water to cool residential units
A cooling unit that operates on the temperature of water retrieved from the ground was the subject of the research. This cooling unit is believed to be one of the most essential needs in everyday applications in terms of decreasing the amount of pollution that is released into the atmosphere, conserving power, and lowering the pace of global warming. Which was applied in the laboratory for three summer months, June, July and August. Readings were taken for four weeks and the difference between the laboratory temperature before operating the cooling device in the laboratory and the difference after one hour, three hours, six hours and nine hours was studied.The temperature of well water in Bucharest, Romania, reached 14.3 degrees Celsius during the three summer months.The temperature of the water in the laboratory used in the heat exchanger was adjusted to the same temperature as the well.Highly efficient cooling results were achieved after 6 and 9 hourson June 19.9,19.8,23.1,21.0respectively18.9,19.0,22.0,20.It also achieved July results22.1,23.9,26.2,23.0.respectively 20.6,22.0,23.4,20.2.It also achieved August results 22.0,25.3,26.0,23.5respectively20.9, 23.7, 23.320.8,.There were also good results with significant differences after one and three hours of operating the device.
Rana Adil Abdul-Nabe1, Sevastiana Areta Ghioca2, Gabriel Fischer-Szava 3, Georgiana Dăescu (Duiculete)4, Nicolae Băran5, Mohammed Saheb Abed6
उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य में आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सा के प्रति जनता की सामान्य जागरूकता और धारणा, वाराणसी का विशेष संदर्भ
आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सा, भारत की पारंपरिक स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रणाली की आधारशिला है, जो सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य परिदृश्य में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है, खासकर उत्तर प्रदेश जैसे सांस्कृतिक रूप से समृद्ध राज्यों में। यह अध्ययन आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सा के प्रति लोगों की सामान्य जागरूकता और धारणा का पता लगाता है, जिसमें वाराणसी शहर पर विशेष ध्यान दिया गया है - एक आध्यात्मिक और ऐतिहासिक केंद्र जहां आयुर्वेद की गहरी सांस्कृतिक जड़ें हैं। सर्वेक्षण, साक्षात्कार और अवलोकन संबंधी डेटा को शामिल करने वाले मिश्रित-पद्धति दृष्टिकोण के माध्यम से, शोध आयुर्वेदिक प्रथाओं में सार्वजनिक ज्ञान, दृष्टिकोण और विश्वास की सीमा के साथ-साथ विभिन्न जनसांख्यिकीय समूहों के बीच पहुंच और उपयोग के पैटर्न की जांच करता है। प्रारंभिक निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि जबकि आबादी का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा आयुर्वेद के बारे में जानता है, वास्तविक उपयोग उम्र, शिक्षा और सामाजिक आर्थिक स्थिति जैसे कारकों के आधार पर व्यापक रूप से भिन्न होता है। वाराणसी में, पारंपरिक उपचार के प्रति श्रद्धा आधुनिक चिकित्सा पद्धतियों के साथ-साथ मौजूद है, जो आयुर्वेदिक परंपराओं की दृढ़ता और तेजी से विकसित हो रहे स्वास्थ्य सेवा वातावरण में उनके सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों दोनों को उजागर करती है। अध्ययन सार्वजनिक धारणा को आकार देने में सरकारी पहल, स्थानीय चिकित्सकों और शैक्षिक अभियानों की भूमिका पर भी प्रकाश डालता है। ये जानकारियां उत्तर प्रदेश और अन्य स्थानों पर आयुर्वेद को एक पूरक और टिकाऊ स्वास्थ्य देखभाल विकल्प के रूप में बढ़ावा देने के लिए भविष्य की नीति और एकीकरण प्रयासों को सूचित कर सकती हैं।
Employee Motivation & Productivity: How different incentive models impact workplace efficiency.
This study explores the relationship between employee motivation, productivity, and the effectiveness of different incentive models in the workplace. It examines how financial, non-financial, and mixed incentive models influence employee performance and overall workplace efficiency. A sample of 100 employees was selected, and productivity scores were recorded under each incentive model. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, T-tests, and correlation analysis to assess the impact of these incentive models on productivity. The findings indicate that while financial incentives boost productivity in the short term, mixed incentives tend to produce the highest overall performance levels, fostering long-term engagement and motivation. Non-financial incentives, although beneficial for employee satisfaction, showed a relatively weaker impact on productivity compared to financial and mixed models. The study further highlights that a combination of both financial and non-financial rewards is most effective in creating a motivated and productive workforce. Confidence intervals and reliability tests were used to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the results. This research provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize their incentive structures to enhance employee performance, engagement, and satisfaction. It suggests that tailored incentive models are essential for maximizing productivity and fostering a positive work environment.
Consumer Barriers to Sustainable Product Adoption: A Comparative Perspective
Purpose and Objective of the Study: Sustainable products are becoming widely popular nowadays as they provide immense opportunities to combat environmental issues but gaining consumer acceptance becomes a major hurdle. This study explores and analyse the different factors that hinder consumers from efficiently adopting and consuming sustainable products in their daily lives. Materials and Method: A mixed-method research design was adopted, combining both descriptive and analytical approaches. Data was gathered from 106 participants residing across different cities of India through a structured Google Form. Statistical tools such as Factor Analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Cluster Analysis were used to assess the key challenges encountered by consumers. Research Implication: The study uncovered challenges at three different levels: social, economic, and environmental. Out of these, economic and environmental challenges were found to have a more significant influence on consumer decisions regarding sustainable product usage. As per the results obtained from Kruskal-Wallis test, food and beverages emerged as the most commonly used sustainable products, while technology and transportation were the least adopted. Practical Implications: To overcome financial constraints associated with sustainable products, the study recommends that policymakers should consider introducing and creating awareness about subsidies or tax incentives. Retailers can also support this adoption by bringing volume-based discounts or financing options. Additionally, awareness programs emphasizing long term financial savings and ecological advantages may also help to shift consumer behaviour towards sustainable products.
Priyanka Mathur, Dr. Sonal Sisodia, Neha Bhatia
A STUDY OF WORK LIFE BALANCE AMONG WOMEN EMPLOYEES IN BANKING SECTOR
Because of the combined pressures of professional responsibilities and personal commitments, the work-life balance (WLB) of women employees in the banking industry has emerged as a crucial issue. This is because of the situation that has arisen. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that influence work-life balance among women in the banking industry, evaluate the impact that this balance has on their job satisfaction, performance, and general well-being, and propose solutions that may be used to create a supportive atmosphere at work. A mixed-method approach is being utilised for this research project, which includes the collecting of quantitative data through surveys as well as qualitative insights gleaned from interviews done with female workers working for a variety of banks. According to the most important findings, key obstacles that hinder work-life balance include lengthy working hours, tight scheduling, and a lack of help for childcare. On the other hand, work-life balance may be significantly improved by the implementation of organisational policies that encourage work-life integration, flexible working arrangements, and supportive management. The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing tailored interventions in order to address gender-specific difficulties and to build a workplace that is more inclusive. Implementing regulations that are family-friendly, encouraging work flexibility, and cultivating a culture of support and inclusion are some of the recommendations that have been made for politicians and banking institutions. These recommendations are intended to help women workers to flourish in both their professional and home lives.
Sreeja thalapalli and Dr. Anshuman Sharma
Walter Benjamin as a Reader of Dune: Messianism, History, and Utopia in Popular Culture
Nowhere, it would appear, is Walter Benjamin’s conceptuology of history more visible in a ‘popular culture’ item than in Denis Villeneuve’s film Dune (2021), based upon a faithful adaptation of Frank Herbert’s novel of the same title (1965). Dune, followed by its second part (2024), is already a Hollywood blockbuster, and not even the first film adaptation of Herbert’s work: the first such attempt was by David Lynch in 1984 but he disowned his film. One can speculate that Lynch’s creation was doomed to fail not only for artistic reasons but also because it was ahead of its time: it is only in the twenty-first century that Dune comes across as zeitgeist – Hegel’s name for the spirit of time. The very much actualized climate crisis, the confused geopolitical situation with no clear collective agenda for emancipation and the new modes of governance which resonate with the world of Herbert’s novel are much clearer in the present context than they were perhaps in 1980s when Lynch’s film came out. The purpose of this essay is to ‘short-circuit’ the apocalyptic vision of Dune with the grim philosophical insights (and even personal history) of the German writer Walter Benjamin, who sought to rethink a politics of emancipation during the rise of fascism in Europe. The method adopted here is to reread Benjamin’s enigmatic Theses on the Philosophy of History with Dune in mind. What is expected is not simply a literal reading of Benjamin’s text in the mirror of the film, as if rendering the film in a kind of a pedagogical tool, but also to see if today’s zeitgeist can transform (Benjamin’s) philosophy itself.
Dr. Shatruddha, Dr. Pavel Tomar, Dr. Rachna Saini
THE EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON FINANCIAL MARKETS
The paper explores the changing nature of the relationship between globalisation and financial markets focusing on the influence of increased levels of connectivity among nations on the structures of markets regulation flow of capital and ability of financial markets to withstand shocks. This research explores theoretical underpinnings, analyses major indicators, and compares developed and developing economies – especially United States and India – through a qualitative and analytical perspective. The work presented here demonstrates that globalisation has enhanced the efficiency of capital markets, opened up access to finance, and prompted the rise of financial innovations alongside greater volatility in markets and a heightened sense of regulation complexities. Analysis of the case studies and figures for these years indicate that globalisation carries with it advantages and burdens. Grossing improved economic development and strengthening market linkages but at the expense of increased market exposures and possible instabilities. It is proposed that the guaranteeing of global financial integration, by means of strong regulation and balance, is fundamental in bringing about sustainable long term market stability. The research enriches professional discourse by combining theoretical outlooks and market developments and offering insights for the policymakers and financial operators.
Systematic review on affordable housing: A biblometric analysis
Affordable housing is a critical global challenge, impacting economic stability, social equity, and urban development. This study presents a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of research trends in affordable housing, identifying key themes, influential authors, and emerging research directions. Using bibliometric techniques, we analyze scholarly publications from major databases, examining citation networks, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic clusters. The findings highlight the dominant research areas, including policy interventions, financial models, sustainable housing solutions, and socio-economic impacts. Additionally, this study maps the evolution of affordable housing research, providing insights into gaps and future directions for policymakers, researchers, and urban planners. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of how affordable housing has been addressed in academic literature of seminal article, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches to address housing affordability challenges effectively.